A retrospective study was carried out on 74 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (52 in stage IIIA, 22 in stage IIIB) who received platinum-based induction chemotherapy in doublets and triplets, followed by tumor resection. Thirty-day postoperative mortality was 5.4% (4 patients); 5 patients in stage IIIB and 17 in stage IIIA did not respond, but the other 47 (63.5%) were downstaged to < IIIA (26 were downstaged to stage I, 20 to stage II, and 1 had complete remission). There was no change in T factor in 22 (30%) patients, nor in N factor in 21 (28%). The actuarial 5-year survival rate for patients in postoperative stages IIIA and IIIB was 0.496; survival was significantly longer in patients who responded to therapy. Parallel improvement in both T and N status predicted worse survival than a multistage regression in any single factor. N status was found to be a stronger survival indicator than T status. Cell type did not influence the response rate or outcome. Induction chemotherapy significantly improved survival in patients who responded, despite a poor prognosis.