Engineering cell-permeant FLP recombinase for tightly controlled inducible and reversible overexpression in embryonic stem cells

Stem Cells. 2010 May;28(5):894-902. doi: 10.1002/stem.417.

Abstract

Combined application of DNA recombinases Cre and FLP enables tightly controlled independent and/or sequential gene regulations. However, in practice, such dual recombinase strategies are hampered by the comparably low efficiency of the FLP recombinase. Here, we present the engineering of a recombinant cell-permeant FLP protein (TAT-FLP) that induces recombination in >75% of fibroblasts and mouse as well as human embryonic stem (ES) cells. We show that TAT-FLP ideally complements the strength of cell-permeant Cre recombinase for genetic engineering as exemplified by FLP-ON-Cre-OFF, an inducible transgene expression cassette that enables tightly controlled expression in a reversible manner. We exemplify this concept by conditional overexpression of LacZ and the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2. We expect our FLP transduction system to become widely useful for numerous genetic interventions addressing complex biological questions and the generation of transgene-free therapeutically applicable ES cell-derived cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Dedifferentiation / genetics
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Lineage / genetics
  • Cell Membrane Permeability* / genetics
  • DNA Nucleotidyltransferases / genetics*
  • Embryonic Stem Cells / cytology
  • Embryonic Stem Cells / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / genetics
  • Gene Products, tat / genetics*
  • Genetic Engineering / methods*
  • Humans
  • Integrases / genetics
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • NIH 3T3 Cells
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / biosynthesis*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics*
  • Transduction, Genetic / methods

Substances

  • Gene Products, tat
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Cre recombinase
  • DNA Nucleotidyltransferases
  • FLP recombinase
  • Integrases