The acidic A-domain of Arabidopsis TOC159 occurs as a hyperphosphorylated protein

Plant Physiol. 2010 Jul;153(3):1016-30. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.158048. Epub 2010 May 10.

Abstract

The translocon at the outer membrane of the chloroplast assists the import of a large class of preproteins with amino-terminal transit sequences. The preprotein receptors Toc159 and Toc33 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) are specific for the accumulation of abundant photosynthetic proteins. The receptors are homologous GTPases known to be regulated by phosphorylation within their GTP-binding domains. In addition to the central GTP-binding domain, Toc159 has an acidic N-terminal domain (A-domain) and a C-terminal membrane-anchoring domain (M-domain). The A-domain of Toc159 is dispensable for its in vivo activity in Arabidopsis and prone to degradation in pea (Pisum sativum). Therefore, it has been suggested to have a regulatory function. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, the A-domain is not simply degraded but that it accumulates as a soluble, phosphorylated protein separated from Toc159. However, the physiological relevance of this process is unclear. The data show that the A-domain of Toc159 as well as those of its homologs Toc132 and Toc120 are targets of a casein kinase 2-like activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Arabidopsis / drug effects
  • Arabidopsis / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / chemistry*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism*
  • Casein Kinase II / metabolism
  • Chloroplasts / drug effects
  • Chloroplasts / metabolism
  • Chromatography, Affinity
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / chemistry*
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / metabolism*
  • Heparin / pharmacology
  • Membrane Proteins / chemistry*
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Phosphopeptides / chemistry
  • Phosphopeptides / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Plants, Genetically Modified
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Protein Transport / drug effects
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Subcellular Fractions / drug effects
  • Subcellular Fractions / metabolism

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Phosphopeptides
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • TOC159 protein, Arabidopsis
  • Heparin
  • Casein Kinase II
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases