Scanning elastic scattering spectroscopy detects metastatic breast cancer in sentinel lymph nodes

J Biomed Opt. 2010 Jul-Aug;15(4):047001. doi: 10.1117/1.3463005.

Abstract

A novel method for rapidly detecting metastatic breast cancer within excised sentinel lymph node(s) of the axilla is presented. Elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) is a point-contact technique that collects broadband optical spectra sensitive to absorption and scattering within the tissue. A statistical discrimination algorithm was generated from a training set of nearly 3000 clinical spectra and used to test clinical spectra collected from an independent set of nodes. Freshly excised nodes were bivalved and mounted under a fiber-optic plate. Stepper motors raster-scanned a fiber-optic probe over the plate to interrogate the node's cut surface, creating a 20x20 grid of spectra. These spectra were analyzed to create a map of cancer risk across the node surface. Rules were developed to convert these maps to a prediction for the presence of cancer in the node. Using these analyses, a leave-one-out cross-validation to optimize discrimination parameters on 128 scanned nodes gave a sensitivity of 69% for detection of clinically relevant metastases (71% for macrometastases) and a specificity of 96%, comparable to literature results for touch imprint cytology, a standard technique for intraoperative diagnosis. ESS has the advantage of not requiring a pathologist to review the tissue sample.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Breast Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Carcinoma / diagnosis*
  • Carcinoma / secondary*
  • Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / methods*
  • Elasticity Imaging Techniques / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Light
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Scattering, Radiation
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / methods*
  • Spectrum Analysis / methods*