As in the past, future depression research will be oriented to the genetics and pharmacology of antidepressants as well as molecular and clinical biomarkers. Using new technologies patient populations with practically equal disease mechanisms will be identified which can be specifically treated with new drugs or a combination of presently available drugs. This signifies the integration of neuroscientific knowledge into the diagnostics of depression. The application of a personalized depression therapy supported by genetic testing and biomarkers raises the possibility of early recognition of the risk of disease and a targeted intervention before the symptoms of disease emerge.