Radial head translation measurement in healthy individuals: the radiocapitellar ratio

Abstract

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the radiocapitellar ratio (RCR) is a valid and reproducible method to assess radial head translation in healthy individuals and that the normal RCR of healthy individuals is 0%.

Materials and methods: Lateral radiographs of the elbow were examined in 40 healthy patients. The measurement method of the RCR was the displacement of the radial head (minimal distance between the right bisector of the radial head and the center of the capitellum) divided by the diameter of the capitellum. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation (ICC).

Results: The RCR was 4% ± 4% (range, -7% to 19%). The mean RCR of 4% measured in this cohort represents an anterior displacement of 1 mm in a capitellum of 25 mm. Intraobserver reliability was good (ICC, 0.72) and interobserver reliability was fair (ICC, 0.52). A significant side-to-side correlation was observed (r = 0.4, P = .009). No difference was identified between men and women, and no correlation was identified between age and the RCR. The standard deviation of the centered RCR measurements was 3%, which represented the variability of RCR measurements.

Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the traditional belief that in the normal elbow, the radial head is generally aligned towards the capitellum on lateral radiographs. Accordingly, a RCR observed outside the ranges of 1 mm posterior (-5%) to 3 mm anterior (13%) in a 25 mm capitellum suggests a misalignment at the RC joint of the elbow. The RCR method to assess RC joint translations has demonstrated a normal distribution in healthy individuals and good reliability.