Lawn soil carbon storage in abandoned residential properties: an examination of ecosystem structure and function following partial human-natural decoupling

Abstract

Residential abandonment is on the rise in many urban areas, with unknown implications for ecosystem structure and function on land slated for partial or full restoration to native habitat. Partial decoupling of human and natural systems could reduce disturbance (e.g., trampling, recreational traffic) and modify vegetation structure in a way that alters soil carbon storage, an ecosystem function that many municipalities consider a management objective of growing importance. We quantified soil carbon percent and mass to 10 cm depth and examined vegetation structure in 50 vacant and 10 occupied residential lawns located in Richmond, VA, with the principal objective of determining whether occupancy status alters trajectories of soil carbon storage or its correspondence with household economic/demographic indicators and vegetation cover. Abandoned residential lawns supported significantly less grass cover, but these declines were largely offset by increases in emergent overstory (>1 m height) vegetation cover. Soil carbon percent and mass did not differ between lawns of occupied and abandoned residences, even though significant, but highly uncertain, increases in soil carbon mass occurred in the first decade following vacancy. Instead, all residential lawns exhibited similar significant increases in soil carbon percent and mass with increasing residence age and neighborhood affluence, the former indicating annual carbon accretion rates of 20 g m(-2). We conclude that in this early stage of vacancy, soil carbon storage is already subtly responding to declines in human intervention, with reduced soil disturbance and sustained vegetation cover in abandoned lawns playing likely roles in emerging soil carbon storage trajectories.