High-powered microwave ablation with a small-gauge, gas-cooled antenna: initial ex vivo and in vivo results

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012 Mar;23(3):405-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.11.003. Epub 2012 Jan 24.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a gas-cooled, high-powered microwave system.

Materials and methods: Investigators performed 54 ablations in ex vivo bovine livers using three devices-a single 17-gauge cooled radiofrequency(RF) electrode; a cluster RF electrode; and a single 17-gauge, gas-cooled microwave (MW) antenna-at three time points (n = 6 at 4 minutes, 12 minutes, and 16 minutes). RF power was applied using impedance-based pulsing with maximum 200 W generator output. MW power of 135 W at 2.45 GHz was delivered continuously. An approved in vivo study was performed using 13 domestic pigs. Hepatic ablations were performed using single applicators and the above-mentioned MW and RF generator systems at treatment times of 2 minutes (n = 7 MW, n = 6 RF), 5 minutes (n = 23 MW, n = 8 RF), 7 minutes (n = 11 MW, n = 6 RF), and 10 minutes (n = 7 MW, n = 9 RF). Mean transverse diameter and length of the ablation zones were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc t tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results: Single ex vivo MW ablations were larger than single RF ablations at all time points (MW mean diameter range 3.5-4.8 cm 4-16 minutes; RF mean diameter range 2.6-3.1 cm 4-16 minutes) (P < .05). There was no difference in mean diameter between cluster RF and MW ablations (RF 3.3-4.4 cm 4-16 minutes; P = .4-.9). In vivo lesion diameters for MW (and RF) were as follows: 2.6 cm ± 0.72 (RF 1.5 cm ± 0.14), 3.6 cm ± 0.89 (RF 2.0 cm ± 0.4), 3.4 cm ± 0.87 (RF 1.8 cm ± 0.23), and 3.8 cm ± 0.74 (RF 2.1 cm ± 0.3) at 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, and 10 minutes (P < .05 all time points).

Conclusions: Gas-cooled, high-powered MW ablation allows the generation of large ablation zones in short times.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Carbon Dioxide*
  • Catheter Ablation / adverse effects
  • Catheter Ablation / instrumentation*
  • Catheter Ablation / methods*
  • Cattle
  • Cold Temperature
  • Electrodes* / adverse effects
  • Equipment Design
  • Female
  • Gases
  • Hot Temperature
  • Liver / pathology
  • Liver / surgery*
  • Materials Testing
  • Microwaves / adverse effects
  • Microwaves / therapeutic use*
  • Models, Animal
  • Sus scrofa
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Gases
  • Carbon Dioxide