Developing emission inventory for nonroad mobile equipments is the initiating step of nonroad mobile source emission control. NONROAD model developed by U. S. EPA was studied, and methods based on actual fuel consumption rate were established to calculate fuel consumption and emission inventory of excavators and loaders in China. Surveys were conducted on key emission parameters of typical construction equipments in China, including equipment inventory, annual activity, actual fuel consumption rate, and emission factor. Results show that diesel consumption of excavators and loaders was 1.21 x 10(7) t, accounting for 9.7% of total consumption of all sectors in China in 2007. Total emissions of NO, and PM from excavators and loaders were 6.81 x 10(5) t and 5.31 x 10(4) t, respectively. The data indicates construction equipments are important emission sources compared with motor vehicles. According to the results, it is necessary to tighten limits of exhaust pollutants for construction equipments in China and to bring them into effect.