Urinary incontinence, considered as a taboo for a long time, is an invalidating condition which gives rise to several problems. About one person out of 20 suffers from it, that is, more than 2 million persons in France, half of whom are less than 50 years old. By an anatomophysiological and etiopathogenic review, the authors define the different causes of urinary incontinence in women, as well as other pathologies such as dyspaneuria or changes in the pelvic statics. They define the role, the indications and the limits of perineo-sphincteral re-education, underlining the notions or prevention, particularly in post partum, and that of the complementarity with the various therapeutic approaches.