To investigate the clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of the postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis. Retrospective analysis was made of one case in our hospital of postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis. Literature was reviewed to investigate the clinical presentation,diagnosis and therapy of postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis. The patient presented with fever, abdominal pain, lower back pain, and ultrasound showed pyelectasis. Her blood and urine bacterial culture was negative, and the antibiotic treatment had no significant effect, which was diagnosed by CT finally. The patient's blood routine returned to normal 3 days after anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant therapy, and thrombosis was significantly reduced. She was followed-up and her condition was stable. Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis patients often present with high temperature with unknown causes and one side abdominal pain, and CT diagnosis is needed. Timely and effective anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant therapy can significantly improve the prognosis.