Is heart failure guideline adherence being underestimated? The impact of therapeutic contraindications

Am Heart J. 2012 Nov;164(5):750-755.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Oct 16.

Abstract

Background: Several studies based on claims data have reported underutilization of evidence-based heart failure (HF) therapies. The degree to which these estimates fail to account for therapeutic contraindications is unclear.

Methods: We identified patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% seen between January 1, 2010, and July 1, 2010, at a tertiary care Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Medical records were abstracted to evaluate utilization of and contraindications to β-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, aldosterone antagonist, anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, and cardiac resynchronization therapies.

Results: Of the 178 patients with HF and an ejection fraction ≤45%, 78 (44%) received every guideline-recommended therapy. After accounting for medical contraindications, 77 (72%) of 107 patients received every guideline-recommended therapy. Adherence to recommendations for β-blocker (98%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin blocker (95%), and anticoagulation (97%) were better than adherence to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (82%), cardiac resynchronization therapy (59%), or aldosterone antagonist (51%) recommendations. In adjusted analysis, lower New York Heart Association functional class and care by a cardiologist were associated with improved guideline adherence (P < .001).

Conclusions: Many patients with HF have therapeutic contraindications, and a failure to account for these may lead to a large underestimation of the true guideline adherence rates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Aged
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Anticoagulants / administration & dosage
  • Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
  • Cardiovascular Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Contraindications
  • Defibrillators, Implantable
  • Female
  • Guideline Adherence / statistics & numerical data*
  • Heart Failure / complications
  • Heart Failure / diagnosis
  • Heart Failure / drug therapy
  • Heart Failure / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Anticoagulants
  • Cardiovascular Agents
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists