Association of CYP2C9 polymorphisms with phenytoin toxicity in Indian patients

Neurol India. 2012 Nov-Dec;60(6):577-80. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.105189.

Abstract

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 can lead to wide inter-individual variations in drug metabolism. Decreased metabolism leads to higher plasma levels, causing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Polymorphic alleles CYP2C9 FNx01 2 and CYP2C9 FNx01 3 occur in the Indian population and this may serve as the basis for using genotyping as a tool to predict phenytoin toxicity.

Aims: To evaluate the association between the presence of polymorphic alleles CYP2C9 FNx01 2 and FNx013 and phenytoin toxicity in Indian patients with epilepsy.

Settings and design: A case-control study with cases defined as those who had plasma phenytoin concentrations above 20 μg/ml.

Materials and methods: The study population included 259 patients with epilepsy on phenytoin. Phenotyping was done using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Those with plasma phenytoin levels above 20 μg/ml were taken as cases and the rest as controls. Genotyping was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.

Statistics: Numerical data between groups was compared using unpaired-'t' test. Between-group comparison of categorical data was done using Chi square for trend with crude odds ratio (OR). Adjusted OR was calculated using binary logistic regression.

Results: There were 40 cases and 219 controls. Mean phenytoin dosage between groups was not statistically significant. Of the 40 cases, 25 (62.5%) cases had wild alleles versus 178 (81.3%) controls. We found a significant association between polymorphic alleles CYP2C9 FNx01 2 and FNx013 and toxic phenytoin levels. After adjusting for age, sex and dose, a significant association between polymorphic alleles and phenytoin toxicity was still found.

Conclusions: This study shows significant association between polymorphic alleles and phenytoin toxicity in this study population. However, until technology for genotyping becomes cost-effective, we would recommend Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to guide dosing.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anticonvulsants / adverse effects*
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 / genetics*
  • Epilepsy / drug therapy
  • Epilepsy / genetics
  • Female
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Genotype
  • Humans
  • India / epidemiology
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neurotoxicity Syndromes / etiology*
  • Neurotoxicity Syndromes / genetics*
  • Phenytoin / adverse effects
  • Polymorphism, Genetic / genetics*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants
  • Phenytoin
  • CYP2C9 protein, human
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9