[Multifocal osteoarticular infection caused by Salmonella non typhi in a child with sickle cell disease]

Abstract

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most common monogenic hereditary hemoglobinopathy. Its course is marked by vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), episodes of acute hemolytic anemia on a background of chronic hemolytic anemia, and severe infections.

Case report: A 2-year-old child with sickle cell disease presented with severe sepsis caused by Salmonella non typhi. Control of the sepsis was difficult, with multifocal osteomyelitis and arthritis, which required prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy. Prolonged treatment was complicated by cardiorespiratory arrest and severe neurological damage, as well as nosocomial infections.

Conclusion: Osseous articular infections caused by Salmonella non typhi are a common complication in children with sickle cell disease, which need to be promptly recognized. Management remains a great concern. The clinical case reported herein is original in its multifocal evolution. It illustrates the vulnerability of patients with sickle cell disease and the need for urgent and intensive care in the case of infection.