The interaction of diamines and polyamines with the peroxidase-catalyzed metabolism of aromatic amines: a potential mechanism for the modulation of aniline toxicity

Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;91(3):228-35. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0253. Epub 2012 Dec 6.

Abstract

Synthetic and biological amines such as ethylenediamine (EDA), spermine, and spermidine have not been previously investigated in free-radical biochemical systems involving aniline-based drugs or xenobiotics. We aimed to study the influence of polyamines in the modulation of aromatic amine radical metabolites in peroxidase-mediated free radical reactions. The aniline compounds tested caused a relatively low oxidation rate of glutathione in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and H2O2; however, they demonstrated marked oxygen consumption when a polyamine molecule was present. Next, we characterized the free-radical products generated by these reactions using spin-trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry. Primary and secondary but not tertiary polyamines dose-dependently enhanced the N-centered radicals of different aniline compounds catalyzed by either HRP or myeloperoxidase, which we believe occurred via charge transfer intermediates and subsequent stabilization of aniline-derived radical species as suggested by isotopically labeled aniline. Aniline/peroxidase reaction product(s) were monitored at 435 nm by kinetic spectrophotometry in the presence and absence of a polyamine additive. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the dimerziation product of aniline, azobenzene, was significantly amplified when EDA was present. In conclusion, di- and poly-amines are capable of enhancing the formation of aromatic-amine-derived free radicals, a fact that is expected to have toxicological consequences.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amines / analysis
  • Amines / chemistry
  • Amines / metabolism
  • Aniline Compounds / toxicity*
  • Catalysis
  • Diamines / analysis
  • Diamines / chemistry*
  • Diamines / metabolism*
  • Free Radicals / analysis
  • Free Radicals / chemistry
  • Free Radicals / metabolism
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods
  • Oxygen Consumption / physiology
  • Peroxidase / metabolism*
  • Polyamines / analysis
  • Polyamines / chemistry
  • Polyamines / metabolism
  • Protein Binding / physiology

Substances

  • Amines
  • Aniline Compounds
  • Diamines
  • Free Radicals
  • Polyamines
  • Peroxidase
  • aniline