1 Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 5095, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mallaix@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
Because of the major improvements in local control and survival with neoadjuvant combined modality therapy and total mesorectal excision, extended lymph node dissection plays a very limited role in rectal cancer surgery.