Spontaneous theta rhythm and working memory co-variation during child development

Abstract

The present study examines possible relationships between changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) power and in working memory (WM) due to brain maturation. Scores on the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and executive components of WM, measured by the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C), were correlated with the power spectral density (PSD) values on the spontaneous EEG from 1 to 46 Hz. In order to control for non-specific processes of visuomotor abilities, the reaction time (RT) variable was measured with an Oddball task. One hundred and sixty seven subjects (82 males and 85 females) between 6 and 26 years old participated in the study. Three minutes of spontaneous EEG were recorded. The WMTB-C and the Oddball task were also administered. The scores on each WM component increased and the RT in the Oddball decreased with age, while PSD values in the different frequencies decreased with age. Significant negative correlations between each of the components and the PSD were obtained. The maximal negative correlations were obtained in the theta (4-7 Hz) range. A bivariate linear model including theta PSD and RT explained most of the WM variance due to age. The results suggest that spontaneous EEG maturation is closely related to WM maturation, particularly in the theta range.

Keywords: AC; AD; AM; Analog Digital; Central executive; DC; ERS; FFT; Fast Fourier Transform; Hertz; Hz; IQ; Intelligence Quotient; KΩ; Maturation; PM; PSD; Phonological loop; Power spectral density; Visuo-spatial sketchpad; WM; WMTB-C; Working Memory Test Battery for Children; Working memory; alternant current; ante meridian; direct current; event-related synchronization; kilo-ohms; microvolts; post meridian; power spectral density; working memory; μV.