We present a case of pneumatosis cystoides of the stomach and intestine, secondary to peptic pyloric ulcer with duodenal stenosis. Clinical symptoms consisted of abdominal pain and intense vomiting; diagnosis was suspected in the radiologic examination of the abdomen (plain film), which showed and abnormal pattern of gas distribution, and later confirmed by barium contrast. The surgical correction of the underlying cause made the lesion disappear. We also review the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.