The objective of this study was to describe health-related images and concepts among adolescents living in rural areas of Brazil, using photography. This was a qualitative community-based participatory study that used the photovoice method for data collection with groups of teenagers. Over a four-month period, 26 participants identified health problems in the rural community, took photographs, and reflected critically on the local reality. The adolescents presented pictures and stories that they organized into research themes and categories, representing inadequate living conditions for appropriate socioeconomic and cultural development and limiting the opportunities for change in this community. The study proved to be a positive health education strategy, involving young people in the community's health and maximizing the voice of teenagers as protagonists in their own history.