Perioperative nutrition: what is the current landscape?

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013 Sep;37(5 Suppl):5S-20S. doi: 10.1177/0148607113496821.

Abstract

Poor nutrition status has long been linked to increases in postoperative complications and adverse outcomes for the patient undergoing elective surgery. While optimal planning for nutrition therapy should be comprehensive spanning throughout the perioperative period, recent advances have focused on the concept of "prehabilitation" to best prepare the patient prior to the insult of surgery. Adding immune/metabolic modulating formulas the week of surgery with carbohydrate drinks to optimize glycogen deposition immediately prior to surgery, enhances patient recovery and return to baseline function. Such nutrition strategies should now be combined with a host of other practices (such as smoking cessation, weight loss, glucose control, and specialized exercise program) as part of a structured protocol to maximize patients' chances for a full and rapid recovery from their elective surgical procedure.

Keywords: enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition; perioperative nutrition; surgical prehabilitation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Elective Surgical Procedures
  • Humans
  • Malnutrition / complications
  • Malnutrition / diet therapy*
  • Malnutrition / epidemiology*
  • Morbidity
  • Nutritional Status
  • Nutritional Support / methods*
  • Perioperative Care / methods*
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control*
  • Treatment Outcome