Sliding over the blocks in enzyme-free RNA copying--one-pot primer extension in ice

PLoS One. 2013 Sep 18;8(9):e75617. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075617. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

Template-directed polymerization of RNA in the absence of enzymes is the basis for an information transfer in the 'RNA-world' hypothesis and in novel nucleic acid based technology. Previous investigations established that only cytidine rich strands are efficient templates in bulk aqueous solutions while a few specific sequences completely block the extension of hybridized primers. We show that a eutectic water/ice system can support Pb(2+)/Mg(2+)-ion catalyzed extension of a primer across such sequences, i.e. AA, AU and AG, in a one-pot synthesis. Using mixtures of imidazole activated nucleotide 5'-monophosphates, the two first "blocking" residues could be passed during template-directed polymerization, i.e., formation of triply extended products containing a high fraction of faithful copies was demonstrated. Across the AG sequence, a mismatch sequence was formed in similar amounts to the correct product due to U·G wobble pairing. Thus, the template-directed extension occurs both across pyrimidine and purine rich sequences and insertions of pyrimidines did not inhibit the subsequent insertions. Products were mainly formed with 2'-5'-phosphodiester linkages, however, the abundance of 3'-5'-linkages was higher than previously reported for pyrimidine insertions. When enzyme-free, template-directed RNA polymerization is performed in a eutectic water ice environment, various intrinsic reaction limitations observed in bulk solution can then be overcome.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • DNA Primers / chemistry*
  • Ice*
  • Imidazoles / chemistry*
  • RNA / chemical synthesis*
  • RNA / chemistry
  • Ribonucleotides / chemistry*

Substances

  • DNA Primers
  • Ice
  • Imidazoles
  • Ribonucleotides
  • RNA
  • imidazole

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the University of Southern Denmark and the Danish National Research Foundation that supports the Center for Fundamental Living Technology (FLinT) and by funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 249032. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.