Minocycline improves recognition memory and attenuates microglial activation in Gunn rat: a possible hyperbilirubinemia-induced animal model of schizophrenia

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 3:50:184-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.017. Epub 2014 Jan 2.

Abstract

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We previously reported evidence of schizophrenia-like behaviors and microglial activation in Gunn rats. We concluded that the Gunn rat, which exhibits a high concentration of unconjugated bilirubin, may be useful as an animal model of schizophrenia. On the other hand, there have been numerous reports that minocycline is effective in treating schizophrenia.

Methods: In the present study, we investigated the effects of minocycline on performance of behavioral tests (prepulse inhibition (PPI) and novel object recognition test (NORT)) after animals received either 40mg/kg/d of minocycline or vehicle by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 14 consecutive days. Furthermore, we examined the effects of minocycline on microglial activation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Gunn rats and Wistar rats.

Results: We found that administration of minocycline for 14days significantly increased the exploratory preference in retention sessions and tended to improve the PPI deficits in Gunn rats. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that microglial cells in the minocycline-treated Gunn rat group showed less expression of CD11b compared to vehicle-treated Gunn and Wistar groups.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that minocycline improves recognition memory and attenuates microglial activation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Gunn rats. Therefore, minocycline may be a potential therapeutic drug for schizophrenia.

Keywords: Activated microglia; Behavioral test; Gunn rat; Minocycline; Schizophrenia; Unconjugated bilirubin.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antipsychotic Agents / pharmacology
  • Antipsychotic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • CD11b Antigen / biosynthesis
  • Dentate Gyrus / drug effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Hyperbilirubinemia / complications
  • Hyperbilirubinemia / drug therapy
  • Hyperbilirubinemia / psychology
  • Male
  • Microglia / drug effects
  • Microglia / metabolism
  • Minocycline / pharmacology
  • Minocycline / therapeutic use*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Gunn
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Recognition, Psychology / drug effects
  • Schizophrenia / chemically induced
  • Schizophrenia / complications
  • Schizophrenia / drug therapy*
  • Schizophrenic Psychology*
  • Sensory Gating / drug effects

Substances

  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • CD11b Antigen
  • Minocycline