A 66-year-old man underwent distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis and D2 dissection for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (pT4a, N0, M0, stage IIB) in June 2009. He was treated with adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy consisting of S-1. However, in September 2010, computed tomography (CT) showed #16a2 lymph node recurrence, which was treated with combination chemotherapy of S-1 and cisplatin. After 7 courses of this combination chemotherapy, CT revealed a significant reduction in the size of the metastatic lesion as well as a new peritoneal dissemination recurrence around the right kidney. We therefore changed the regimen to combination chemotherapy of S-1 and docetaxel. After 3 courses of this treatment, the dissemination lesion was no longer evident by CT. After 6 more courses of treatment, the lymph node and peritoneal dissemination recurrence showed no regrowth. In response to the patient's wish, we changed the chemotherapy to S-1 alone beginning in June 2012. He survived without recurrence for approximately 2 years after gastrectomy. We suggest that the taxane drug was effective as second-line chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with peritoneal dissemination recurrence.