The loop2 insertion of type IX myosin acts as an electrostatic actin tether that permits processive movement

PLoS One. 2014 Jan 9;9(1):e84874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084874. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Although class IX myosins are single-headed, they demonstrate characteristics of processive movement along actin filaments. Double-headed myosins that move processively along actin filaments achieve this by successive binding of the two heads in a hand-over-hand mechanism. This mechanism, obviously, cannot operate in single-headed myosins. However, it has been proposed that a long class IX specific insertion in the myosin head domain at loop2 acts as an F-actin tether, allowing for single-headed processive movement. Here, we tested this proposal directly by analysing the movement of deletion constructs of the class IX myosin from Caenorhabditis elegans (Myo IX). Deletion of the large basic loop2 insertion led to a loss of processive behaviour, while deletion of the N-terminal head extension, a second unique domain of class IX myosins, did not influence the motility of Myo IX. The processive behaviour of Myo IX is also abolished with increasing salt concentrations. These observations directly demonstrate that the insertion located in loop2 acts as an electrostatic actin tether during movement of Myo IX along the actin track.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism
  • Actins / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Caenorhabditis elegans
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / chemistry
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / genetics
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / metabolism
  • Movement*
  • Mutagenesis, Insertional*
  • Myosins / chemistry*
  • Myosins / genetics
  • Myosins / metabolism*
  • Osmolar Concentration
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Quantum Dots
  • Static Electricity*

Substances

  • Actins
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
  • Myosins

Grants and funding

The work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Martin Bähler (Grant number BA 1354/9-2) (http://www.dfg.de/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.