Twenty-nine patients with advanced thyroid cancer have been treated with sequential chemotherapy regimes using the single agents etoposide, carboplatin, cis-platinum or methotrexate, and the combination of adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristine (ABC). Indications for chemotherapy were progressive, symptomatic recurrent or metastatic disease unresponsive to conventional treatment, or advanced anaplastic carcinomas. In these 29 patients there were a total of 60 evaluable drug exposures: 4 out of 22 responded to etoposide, 2 out of 9 responded to carboplatin, 5 out of 13 responded to cis-platinum, 1 out of 3 responded to methotrexate and 5 out of 13 responded to ABC. There was only one complete response in this series, seen with etoposide. Patients under 65 years and those with medullary carcinoma had the highest response rates. Mean survival in these 29 patients was 11.9 months. Mean survival in responders was 19 months compared to 5.4 months in non-responders. Etoposide, carboplatin and cis-platinum used as single agents are active in thyroid carcinoma and useful symptom control and improved survival may be achieved in those patients responding to sequential exposure to these agents.