A comparative study of multiple modalities of multiple fractions of external radiation per day (MFD), routine radiation (RD), cisplatin (CDDP), mixed bacterial vaccine (MBV), MFD + CDDP. MFD + MBV, MFD + CDDP + MBV on nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated. The tumor size and serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level were measured. The results showed that the tumor inhibition rates were 97%, 94%, 79%, 2% for the MFD, RD, CDDP, and MBV groups, respectively. No tumor disappeared (complete regression) in single modality groups. When MFD was used in combination with CDDP and/or MBV, the tumor cure rates were remarkably increased. The tumor inhibition rate was 99% in the MFD + MBV group, in which two tumors disappeared, 99% in the MFD + CDDP group as well, in which five tumors disappeared. The greatest effectiveness was observed in the MFD + MBV + CDDP group with tumor inhibition rate of 100%, in which eight tumors disappeared. In all these groups, the AFP level was decreased as the tumor size reduced. Preliminary clinical results were satisfactory, the decrease of the serum AFP level and shrinkage of tumor were observed in 88% (7/8) and 91% (10/11) of patients, respectively.