The surgical management of kidney stone disease: a population based time series analysis

Michael Ordon; David Urbach; Muhammad Mamdani; Refik Saskin; R John D'A Honey; Kenneth T Pace

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.095

The surgical management of kidney stone disease: a population based time series analysis

J Urol. 2014 Nov;192(5):1450-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.095. Epub 2014 May 24.

Authors

Michael Ordon¹, David Urbach², Muhammad Mamdani³, Refik Saskin⁴, R John D'A Honey⁵, Kenneth T Pace⁵

Affiliations

¹ Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: Michael.ordon@utoronto.ca.
² Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
³ Applied Health and Research Department, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁴ Programming & Biostatistics, Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁵ Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

PMID: 24866599
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.095

Abstract

Purpose: We evaluate population based trends in the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy during the last 20 years, as well as assess the re-treatment rate and morbidity from treatment over time.

Materials and methods: Using administrative databases in the province of Ontario, Canada, a population based cross-sectional time series analysis was performed between July 1, 1991 and December 31, 2010. All extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures were identified, along with all hospital readmissions and emergency department visits within 7 days of treatment. The primary outcome was treatment use, and secondary outcomes were the need for ancillary treatment and hospital readmission or emergency department visit after treatment. Exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were used to assess trends over time.

Results: We identified 194,781 kidney stone treatments performed during the study period. Time series modeling revealed a significant increase in the use of ureteroscopy over time (25% to 59% of all procedures, p <0.0001) and a reciprocal decrease in the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (69% to 34% of all procedures, p <0.0001). A corresponding significant decrease in the need for ancillary treatment over time (23% to 15%, p <0.0001) and increase in the need for hospital readmission (7% to 11%, p <0.0001) or emergency department visit (7% to 11%, p=0.0024) after treatment were also demonstrated.

Conclusions: Our population based study demonstrates a shift in the treatment paradigm with increased use of ureteroscopy over time and a reciprocal decrease in the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. We also observed a corresponding decrease in ancillary treatment and increase in posttreatment morbidity over time.

Keywords: kidney calculi; lithotripsy; retreatment; ureteroscopy.

Publication types

Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Kidney Calculi / surgery*
Lithotripsy / methods*
Male
Middle Aged
Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / methods*
Ontario / epidemiology
Population Surveillance / methods*
Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
Treatment Outcome
Ureteroscopy / methods*
Young Adult