Convergent evolution of IL-6 in two leporids (Oryctolagus and Pentalagus) originated an extended protein

Immunogenetics. 2014 Oct;66(9-10):589-95. doi: 10.1007/s00251-014-0787-0. Epub 2014 Jul 16.

Abstract

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a class-I helical cytokine with a broad spectrum of biological activities and a gene structure conserved throughout vertebrates, with five coding exons. IL-6 from European rabbits belonging to the subspecies Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus was previously shown to differ from other mammals by extending an additional 27 amino acids. However, in other leporids (Sylvilagus spp and Lepus spp) that diverged from the European rabbit ~12 million years ago this mutation was not present. In this study, we extended the study of IL-6 for the Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus subspecies and five additional lagomorphs' genera (Brachylagus, Bunolagus, Pentalagus, Romerolagus, and Ochotona). We confirmed the presence of the mutated stop codon in both O. c. cuniculus and O. c. algirus. We found that the typical stop codon is present in Sylvilagus bachmani and Lepus europaeus, in agreement with previous reports, but also in Bunolagus, Brachylagus, and Ochotona. Remarkably, in Pentalagus we detected a deletion of the stop codon causing an extension of IL-6 for 17 extra residues. Our results indicate that the IL-6 extension in those species occurred by two independent events: one occurred between 2 and 8 million years ago in the ancestral of the Oryctolagus subspecies, and the other occurred in a Pentalagus ancestral at a maximum of 9 million years ago. The absence of this IL-6 extension in Bunolagus, sister genus of Oryctolagus, shows that this evolutionary event happened by convergence suggesting some functional relevance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Biological Evolution*
  • Interleukin-6 / genetics*
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation / genetics
  • Phylogeny
  • Rabbits / classification
  • Rabbits / genetics*
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
  • Species Specificity

Substances

  • Interleukin-6