Fractionating Executive Functions of Adults With ADHD

J Atten Disord. 2017 Sep;21(11):944-955. doi: 10.1177/1087054714545537. Epub 2014 Aug 7.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the performance of adults with ADHD considering the fractionation of executive functions into six different domains.

Method: Participants were adult ADHD patients who were not under the acute effects of medication ( n = 48). Their performance was compared with that of a healthy control group ( n = 20) of comparable age, education, and nonverbal intelligence quotient. The cognitive domains assessed were executive shifting, updating, inhibition of prepotent responses, dual-task performance, planning, and access to long-term memory. We also assessed the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, anxiety, and depression by validated questionnaires.

Results: Compared with controls, patients reported more symptoms related to ADHD, anxiety and depression symptoms and were impaired in the shifting cost measure and phonemic fluency (measure of access to long-term memory).

Conclusion: ADHD in adults selectively impaired executive shifting and access to long-term memory, domains that may alter performance in a wide range of daily tasks.

Keywords: ADHD; adult; executive function; inhibition; task-switching.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anxiety / psychology
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / psychology*
  • Depression / psychology
  • Executive Function / physiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Impulsive Behavior / physiology
  • Inhibition, Psychological
  • Intelligence Tests
  • Male
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Task Performance and Analysis