The expression profiles of 10 mature microRNA (7, 10a, 17, 20a, 21, 23a, 26a, 137, 222) in biopsy specimens of gliomas of different malignancy were studied by the real time PCR with SYBR Green I fluorescent stain. The expression of microRNA-21 increased significantly, while that of microRNA-137 decreased, depending on the tumor malignancy. The expression of microRNA-9, -17, -20a, -23a, -26a was significantly higher, while that of microRNA-7 lower in the tumor vs. control tissue samples. New data on the molecular pathological mechanisms of gliomas related to their malignancy were obtained. Quantitative analysis of microRNA was suggested as a potential diagnostic marker of brain tumors.