Reproducibility of the kinematics in rotational high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust of the upper cervical spine: a cadaveric study

J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2015 Jan;38(1):51-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2014.10.012. Epub 2014 Nov 15.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of the kinematics in rotational high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) thrust of the upper cervical spine.

Methods: Twenty fresh human cervical specimens were studied in a test-retest situation with 2 manual therapists. Kinematics of C1-C2 and C0-C1 were examined during segmental rotational HVLA manipulation through an ultrasound-based tracking system. The thrust moment was analyzed by 3-dimensional aspects: the range of motion of axial rotation, flexion-extension, lateral banding, and the cross-correlation between the axial rotation and the coupled lateral banding components.

Results: During rotational HVLA thrust on C1-C2, the main axial rotation demonstrates an intraexaminer relationship varying from almost perfect to fair (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.71; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.35) and a substantial interexaminer correlation of 0.73.

Conclusions: This study showed substantial levels of reliability for the main axial rotation component of segmental manual rotational HVLA thrust on C1-C2. Intra- and interrater reliability for flexion-extension, lateral bending, and cross-correlation was low.

Keywords: Cervical Vertebrae; Manipulation; Reproducibility of Results; Spinal.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomechanical Phenomena / physiology
  • Cadaver
  • Cervical Vertebrae / physiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Manipulation, Spinal / methods*
  • Middle Aged
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Rotation