Palliative Sedation and What Constitutes Active Dying: A Case of Severe Progressive Dystonia and Intractable Pain

Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2016 May;33(4):363-8. doi: 10.1177/1049909114561997. Epub 2014 Dec 7.

Abstract

We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with Klippel-Feil syndrome who developed progressive generalized dystonia of unclear etiology, resulting in intractable pain despite aggressive medical and surgical interventions. Ultimately, palliative sedation was required to relieve suffering. Herein, we describe ethical considerations including defining sedation, determining prognosis in the setting of an undefined neurodegenerative condition, and use of treatments that concurrently might prolong or alter end-of-life trajectory. We highlight pertinent literature and how it may be applied in challenging and unique clinical situations. Finally, we discuss the need for expert multidisciplinary involvement when implementing palliative sedation and illustrate that procedures and rules need to be interpreted to deliver optimal patient-centered plan of care.

Keywords: active dying; artificial nutrition and hydration; central pain syndrome; deep brain stimulation; dystonia; end of life; medical ethics; palliative sedation.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Dystonia / drug therapy*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / therapeutic use*
  • Klippel-Feil Syndrome / complications
  • Pain, Intractable / drug therapy*
  • Pain, Intractable / etiology
  • Palliative Care / ethics
  • Palliative Care / methods*
  • Parenteral Nutrition / methods
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Stress, Psychological / drug therapy*
  • Terminal Care / ethics
  • Terminal Care / methods*

Substances

  • Hypnotics and Sedatives