Role of HLA-G as a predictive marker of low risk of chronic rejection in lung transplant recipients: a clinical prospective study

Am J Transplant. 2015 Feb;15(2):461-71. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12977. Epub 2014 Dec 8.

Abstract

Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) expression is thought to be associated with a tolerance state following solid organ transplantation. In a lung transplant (LTx) recipient cohort, we assessed (1) the role of HLA-G expression as a predictor of graft acceptance, and (2) the relationship between (i) graft and peripheral HLA-G expression, (ii) HLA-G expression and humoral immunity and (iii) HLA-G expression and lung microenvironment. We prospectively enrolled 63 LTx recipients (median follow-up 3.26 years [min: 0.44-max: 5.03]). At 3 and 12 months post-LTx, we analyzed graft HLA-G expression by immunohistochemistry, plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of cytokines involved in chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and anti-HLA antibodies (Abs) in serum. In a time-dependent Cox model, lung HLA-G expression had a protective effect on CLAD occurrence (hazard ratio: 0.13 [0.03-0.58]; p = 0.008). The same results were found when computing 3-month and 1-year conditional freedom from CLAD (p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively [log-rank test]). Presence of anti-HLA Abs was inversely associated with graft HLA-G expression (p = 0.02). Increased BALF level of transforming growth factor-β was associated with high plasma sHLA-G level (p = 0.02). In conclusion, early graft HLA-G expression in LTx recipients with a stable condition was associated with graft acceptance in the long term.

Keywords: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS); clinical research/practice; clinical trial; immune regulation; immunobiology; lung (allograft) function/dysfunction; lung transplantation/pulmonology; tolerance; translational research/science.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / chemistry
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Graft Rejection / blood*
  • Graft Rejection / epidemiology*
  • HLA-G Antigens / blood*
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Lung Transplantation*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / analysis
  • Transplant Recipients*

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • HLA-G Antigens
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta