Staphylococcal protein A-formulated immune complexes suppress enterotoxin-induced cellular responses in nasal polyps

Abstract

Background: Recent studies have revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and its components participate in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Objective: We sought to determine whether staphylococcal protein A (SpA) from S aureus regulated cellular responses in nasal polyps, especially when coupled to immunoglobulins in immune complexes (ICs).

Methods: Dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs) or peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with SpA in the presence or absence of IgG, and IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-10 levels were measured in the supernatants. The effect of SpA exposure on staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced cytokine production by DNPCs in the presence and absence of IgG, IgA, and autologous serum was also examined.

Results: Exposure to SpA induced DNPCs to produce significantly higher IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A levels than DNPCs without SpA, although the magnitude of the IL-17A increase was less than that of IL-10 and IL-13. SpA induced IL-10 production mainly from adherent DNPCs, and this was significantly enhanced in the presence of IgG; similar results were observed in peripheral blood monocytes. IC formation between SpA and IgG (SpA-IgG ICs) was confirmed by using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. SpA-IgG ICs, but not SpA alone, almost completely suppressed staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-17A production by DNPCs; similar inhibition was observed in DNPCs treated with SpA in the presence of either IgA or autologous serum.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that SpA can regulate the pathogenesis of enterotoxin-induced inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps through coupling to immunoglobulins.

Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; Staphylococcus aureus; cytokines; enterotoxins; immune complexes; immune evasion; immunoglobulins; staphylococcal protein A.