[Meningococcal vaccines. Global epidemiological situation and strategies for prevention by vaccination]

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2015 Apr;33(4):257-67. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

N. meningitidis is a major cause of meningitis and septicemia and a major public health problem in many countries. The disease, that can be fulminant, has a high mortality and may cause serious sequelae, even in cases of apparently optimal medical treatment. Chemoprophylaxis may prevent secondary cases among those in close contact with the ill, but, since secondary cases represent only 1%-2% of all meningococcal disease, chemoprophylaxis has a small impact when fighting most of endemic and epidemic forms. Given that al least 5% -15% of children and young adults are carriers, the fight against meningococcal disease based on chemotherapeutic elimination of nasopharyngeal colonization is virtually impossible. Therefore, immunization is the only rational way to combat this disease.

Keywords: Antimeningococcal vaccines; Enfermedad meningocócica; Meningococcal disease; Neisseria meningitidis; Vacunas antimeningocócicas.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Distribution
  • Aged
  • Antibiotic Prophylaxis
  • Carrier State / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
  • Disease Reservoirs
  • Europe / epidemiology
  • Global Health
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Meningococcal Infections / epidemiology
  • Meningococcal Infections / prevention & control*
  • Meningococcal Infections / transmission
  • Meningococcal Vaccines*
  • Middle Aged
  • Nasopharynx / microbiology
  • Neisseria meningitidis / classification
  • Neisseria meningitidis / isolation & purification
  • Serotyping
  • Vaccination* / methods
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Meningococcal Vaccines