Gender differences in the effect of cardiovascular drugs: a position document of the Working Group on Pharmacology and Drug Therapy of the ESC

Affiliations

• ¹ Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK grosano@sgul.ac.uk.
• ² Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Tel Aviv, Israel.
• ³ Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁴ Department of Cardiology, Isar Heart Center, Isar Kliniken, Munich, Germany.
• ⁵ Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
• ⁶ Pharmacology, Universiteit Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands.
• ⁷ Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria.
• ⁸ Department of Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
• ⁹ Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
• ¹⁰ Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) and Aalborg University, The Heart Centre, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹¹ Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.