[Descriptive statistical analysis of the treatment of status epilepticus in a referral hospital]

Rev Neurol. 2015 May 16;60(10):433-8.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Status epilepticus is defined as either recurring seizures without regaining consciousness between them or one single seizure lasting more than 30 minutes.

Aims: To perform a descriptive analysis of the most relevant data on the patients with status epilepticus who were admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to review the risk factors associated to status epilepticus with a poor prognosis.

Patients and methods: A study was conducted of the main variables of the patients with status epilepticus hospitalised in the PICU of a tertiary hospital over a period of six years.

Results: Data were collected on a total of 68 patients (55.9% males), the mean age being 3.7 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms were generalised tonic-clonic seizures (50%). The mean duration of the status epilepticus was 51.44 minutes. The mean number of antiepileptic drugs used to stem the seizures was 3.21 and the mean number of drugs used prior to admission to the PICU was 2.37. The most commonly used first choice drug was diazepam (83.8%) administered rectally (75%), followed by intravenous diazepam (52.9%) in second place and phenytoin was the most frequently used drug as the third choice. The most usual cause of status epilepticus was having previously suffered from epilepsy (33.9%), and Dravet's syndrome was the most frequent epileptic causation.

Conclusions: Treatment of status epilepticus is complex and requires multidisciplinary and personalised management. Protocols and clinical guidelines need to be drawn up and reviewed to achieve an adequate management of these patients.

Title: Analisis descriptivo y estadistico del tratamiento de estados epilepticos en un hospital de referencia.

Introduccion. Los estados epilepticos se definen como crisis recurrentes sin recuperacion de la conciencia entre ellas o una sola crisis de mas de 30 minutos. Objetivos. Realizar un analisis descriptivo de los datos mas relevantes de pacientes con estados epilepticos ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediatricos (UCIP) y revisar los factores de riesgo asociados a estado epileptico de mal pronostico. Pacientes y metodos. Se estudiaron las variables principales de los pacientes ingresados en la UCIP con estado epileptico de un hospital terciario en un periodo de seis años. Resultados. Se recogieron 68 pacientes (el 55,9%, varones) con una edad media de 3,7 años. La semiologia mas frecuente fue en forma de crisis tonicoclonicas generalizadas (50%). La duracion media de los estados epilepticos fue de 51,44 minutos. Se utilizaron 3,21 farmacos antiepilepticos de media para yugular las crisis, y la media de farmacos utilizados previamente al ingreso en la UCIP fue de 2,37. El farmaco de primera linea mas utilizado fue el diacepam (83,8%) rectal (75%), seguido del diacepam (52,9%) por via intravenosa en segundo lugar, y la fenitoina fue el farmaco mas utilizado como tercera linea. La causa mas frecuente de estado epileptico fue padecer epilepsia previa (33,9%), y el sindrome de Dravet fue la etiologia epileptica mas frecuente. Conclusiones. El tratamiento de los estados epilepticos es complejo y exige un manejo multidisciplinar e individualizado. Es necesaria la elaboracion y revision de protocolos y guias clinicas para un adecuado manejo de estos pacientes.

Publication types

  • English Abstract

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Anticonvulsants / pharmacology
  • Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
  • Cerebral Palsy / epidemiology
  • Child, Preschool
  • Disease Management
  • Drug Resistance
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Epilepsies, Myoclonic / epidemiology
  • Epilepsy, Generalized / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / statistics & numerical data
  • Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data
  • Male
  • Patient Readmission / statistics & numerical data
  • Prognosis
  • Risk Factors
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Status Epilepticus / epidemiology*
  • Tertiary Care Centers / statistics & numerical data*

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants