On the origin of paramagnetic inhomogeneity effects in blood

Magn Reson Med. 1989 Nov;12(2):241-8. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910120210.

Abstract

Hydrogen, sodium, and fluorine (added F-) NMR spectra of venous and oxygenated blood were measured. The fluorine resonance was seen as a single peak in both samples, and all three resonances exhibited the same deoxy-oxy shift. Because F- exchanges slowly across the red cell membrane, and because sodium is 95% extracellular, these results suggest that the intra-extracellular field difference delta B is less than 0.1 ppm. A small value of delta B tends to rule out transmembrane exchange as an important contributor to relaxation in MRI of blood and hematomas. However, the broadening of the resonances with deoxygenation, by 0.3-0.4 ppm, indicates that both intra- and extracellular gradients are of comparable and sufficient magnitude to produce the T2-weighted hypointensity seen in clinical magnetic resonance images of hematomas at high fields.

MeSH terms

  • Blood*
  • Erythrocyte Membrane / metabolism
  • Fluorine
  • Hematoma / blood
  • Hematoma / diagnosis*
  • Hematoma / pathology
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Oxygen
  • Sodium

Substances

  • Fluorine
  • Hydrogen
  • Sodium
  • Oxygen