Fast Simulation of Mechanical Heterogeneity in the Electrically Asynchronous Heart Using the MultiPatch Module

PLoS Comput Biol. 2015 Jul 23;11(7):e1004284. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004284. eCollection 2015 Jul.

Abstract

Cardiac electrical asynchrony occurs as a result of cardiac pacing or conduction disorders such as left bundle-branch block (LBBB). Electrically asynchronous activation causes myocardial contraction heterogeneity that can be detrimental for cardiac function. Computational models provide a tool for understanding pathological consequences of dyssynchronous contraction. Simulations of mechanical dyssynchrony within the heart are typically performed using the finite element method, whose computational intensity may present an obstacle to clinical deployment of patient-specific models. We present an alternative based on the CircAdapt lumped-parameter model of the heart and circulatory system, called the MultiPatch module. Cardiac walls are subdivided into an arbitrary number of patches of homogeneous tissue. Tissue properties and activation time can differ between patches. All patches within a wall share a common wall tension and curvature. Consequently, spatial location within the wall is not required to calculate deformation in a patch. We test the hypothesis that activation time is more important than tissue location for determining mechanical deformation in asynchronous hearts. We perform simulations representing an experimental study of myocardial deformation induced by ventricular pacing, and a patient with LBBB and heart failure using endocardial recordings of electrical activation, wall volumes, and end-diastolic volumes. Direct comparison between simulated and experimental strain patterns shows both qualitative and quantitative agreement between model fibre strain and experimental circumferential strain in terms of shortening and rebound stretch during ejection. Local myofibre strain in the patient simulation shows qualitative agreement with circumferential strain patterns observed in the patient using tagged MRI. We conclude that the MultiPatch module produces realistic regional deformation patterns in the asynchronous heart and that activation time is more important than tissue location within a wall for determining myocardial deformation. The CircAdapt model is therefore capable of fast and realistic simulations of dyssynchronous myocardial deformation embedded within the closed-loop cardiovascular system.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Animals
  • Bundle-Branch Block / complications
  • Bundle-Branch Block / physiopathology*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Excitation Contraction Coupling*
  • Heart Conduction System / physiopathology*
  • Humans
  • Models, Cardiovascular*
  • Myocardial Contraction*
  • Software
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / etiology
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / physiopathology*

Grants and funding

JW and JL were funded through a personal grant within the framework of the Dr E. Dekker program of the Dutch Heart Foundation to JL(https://www.hartstichting.nl, 2012T010). TA, FWP, and TD received no specific funding for this work. ND, PB, HC, and SP were supported by the French Government, Agence National de la Recherche au titre du programme Investissements d'Avenir (http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr, ANR-10-IAHU-04). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.