Novel diagnostic and prognostic methods for disc degeneration and low back pain

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Professorial Block, 5th Floor, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China; The Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. Electronic address: dsamartzis@msn.com.
• ² Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
• ³ Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Professorial Block, 5th Floor, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
• ⁵ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P.R. China.
• ⁷ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
• ⁸ Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland.