Characterization of a novel arabinose-tolerant α-L-arabinofuranosidase with high ginsenoside Rc to ginsenoside Rd bioconversion productivity

J Appl Microbiol. 2016 Mar;120(3):647-60. doi: 10.1111/jam.13040. Epub 2016 Feb 9.

Abstract

Aims: (i) To investigate the enzymatic characterization of α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Thermotoga thermarum DSM5069. (ii) To evaluate the performance of its excellent properties on converting ginsenoside Rc to ginsenoside Rd.

Methods and results: The thermostable α-L-arabinofuranosidase (Tt-Afs) gene from T. thermarum DSM5069 was cloned and overexpressed. Recombinant Tt-Afs was purified, and its molecular weight was approx. 55 kDa. Its optimal activity was at pH 5·0 and 95°C. It has high selectivity for cleaving the outer arabinofuranosyl moieties at the C-20 carbon of ginsenoside Rc and its sugar-tolerance makes Tt-Afs a promising candidate for the production of ginsenoside Rd. In a reaction at 85°C and pH 5·0, 25 g l(-1) of ginsenoside Rc was transformed into 21·8 g l(-1) of Rd within 60 min, with a corresponding molar conversion of 99·4% and a high ginsenoside Rd productivity of 21800 mg l(-1) h(-1).

Conclusions: We have successfully cloned and overexpressed the novel α-l-arabinofuranosidase from T. thermarum DSM5069. The high ginsenoside Rd productivity and detailed characterization of recombinant Tt-Afs was provided.

Significance and impact of the study: The result shows a high productivity on the bioconversion from high concentration ginsenoside Rc to ginsenoside Rd, which also give rise to a potential commercial enzyme application.

Keywords: Thermotoga thermarum DSM5069; biotransformation; enzymatic characterization; ginsenoside Rd preparation; recombinant α-arabinofuranosidase.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Arabinose / metabolism*
  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry*
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Biotransformation
  • Enzyme Stability
  • Ginsenosides / metabolism*
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / chemistry*
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / genetics
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / metabolism*
  • Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / chemistry
  • Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / enzymology*
  • Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / genetics
  • Molecular Weight
  • Substrate Specificity

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Ginsenosides
  • ginsenoside Rc
  • Arabinose
  • Glycoside Hydrolases
  • alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase
  • ginsenoside Rd

Associated data

  • GENBANK/CDK29226.1
  • GENBANK/CP002351.1
  • GENBANK/EKV15629.1
  • GENBANK/EWG54560.1
  • GENBANK/EWZ45775.1
  • GENBANK/GAA89576.1
  • GENBANK/KEO74433.1
  • GENBANK/KFY45234.1
  • GENBANK/KFZ22223.1
  • GENBANK/KHC93840.1
  • GENBANK/Q4WTB3.2
  • GENBANK/WP_004082990.1
  • GENBANK/WP_006487635.1
  • GENBANK/WP_011943241.1
  • GENBANK/WP_012310659.1
  • GENBANK/WP_012896226.1
  • GENBANK/WP_013932416.1
  • GENBANK/WP_031505283.1
  • GENBANK/WP_038051575.1
  • GENBANK/WP_041078556.1
  • GENBANK/WP_041844029.1
  • GENBANK/XP_001392290.1
  • GENBANK/XP_002380561.1
  • GENBANK/XP_009158495.1
  • GENBANK/YP_824901.1