Hypocretin-1 Levels Associate with Fragmented Sleep in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1

Sleep. 2016 May 1;39(5):1047-50. doi: 10.5665/sleep.5750.

Abstract

Study objectives: We aimed to analyze nocturnal sleep characteristics of patients with narcolepsy type 1 (narcolepsy with cataplexy) measured by actigraphy in respect to cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 levels of the same patients.

Methods: Actigraphy recording of 1-2 w and hypocretin-1 concentration analysis were done to thirty-six unmedicated patients, aged 7 to 63 y, 50% female. Twenty-six of them had hypocretin-1 levels under 30 pg/mL and the rest had levels of 31-79 pg/mL.

Results: According to actigraphy, patients with very low hypocretin levels had statistically significantly longer sleep latency (P = 0.033) and more fragmented sleep, indicated by both the number of immobile phases of 1 min (P = 0.020) and movement + fragmentation index (P = 0.049). There were no statistically significant differences in the actual sleep time or circadian rhythm parameters measured by actigraphy.

Conclusions: Actigraphy gives additional information about the stabilization of sleep in patients with narcolepsy type 1. Very low hypocretin levels associate with more wake intruding into sleep.

Keywords: actigraphy; disrupted sleep; hypocretin; narcolepsy; sleep fragmentation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Actigraphy
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cataplexy / complications
  • Child
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Narcolepsy / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Narcolepsy / complications*
  • Orexins / cerebrospinal fluid*
  • Sleep Deprivation / cerebrospinal fluid*
  • Sleep Deprivation / complications*
  • Sleep*
  • Time Factors
  • Wakefulness
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Orexins

Supplementary concepts

  • Narcolepsy 1