Low Incidence of Corticosteroid-associated Adverse Events on Long-term Exposure to Low-dose Prednisone Given with Abiraterone Acetate to Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) is the prodrug of abiraterone, which inhibits CYP17A1 and testosterone synthesis and prolongs the survival of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). AA plus prednisone (P) (AA+P) is approved for the treatment of patients with mCRPC.

Objective: To investigate whether long-term use of low-dose P with or without AA leads to corticosteroid-associated adverse events (CA-AEs) in mCRPC patients.

Design, setting, and participants: The study included 2267 patients in COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302. We used an inclusive Standardized MedDRA Queries-oriented approach to identify 112 preferred terms for known CA-AEs, and assessed the incidence of CA-AEs during 3-mo exposure intervals and across all P exposure levels.

Intervention: All 2267 patients received 5mg of P twice daily, and 1333/2267 received AA (1g) plus P.

Results and limitations: The CA-AE incidence after any P exposure was 25%, 26%, and 23% for any grade, and 5%, 5%, and 4% for grade ≥3 CA-AEs for all patients and the AA+P and P alone groups, respectively. The most common any-grade CA-AEs were hyperglycemia (7.4%, 7.8%, and 6.9% for all patients, AA+P, and P alone, respectively) and weight increase (4.3%, 3.9%, and 4.8%, respectively). When assessed by duration of exposure (3-mo intervals up to ≥30 mo), no discernable trend was observed for CA-AEs, including hyperglycemia and weight increase. The investigator-reported study discontinuation rate due to CA-AEs was 11/2267 (0.5%), and one patient had a CA-AE resulting in death.

Conclusions: Low-dose P given with or without AA is associated with low overall incidence of CA-AEs. The frequency of CA-AEs remained low with increased duration of exposure to P.

Patient summary: We assessed adverse events in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer during long-term treatment with a low dose of a corticosteroid. We found that long-term treatment with this low-dose corticosteroid is safe and tolerable.

Keywords: Abiraterone acetate; Adverse events; Corticosteroids; Glucocorticoid; Long term; Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; Tolerability.