Respiratory viruses and children

J Infect. 2016 Jul 5:72 Suppl:S29-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.04.019. Epub 2016 May 10.

Abstract

Respiratory viruses place a great disease burden especially on the youngest children in terms of high rates of infection, bacterial complications and hospitalizations. In developing countries, some viral infections are even associated with substantial mortality in children. The interaction between viruses and bacteria is probably much more common and clinically significant than previously understood. Respiratory viruses frequently initiate the cascade of events that ultimately leads to bacterial infection. Effective antiviral agents can substantially shorten the duration of the viral illness and prevent the development of bacterial complications. Viral vaccines have the potential to not only prevent the viral infection but also decrease the incidence of bacterial complications. At present, antivirals and vaccines are only available against influenza viruses, but new vaccines and antivirals against other viruses, especially for RSV, are being developed.

Keywords: Antiviral; Bacteria; Influenza; Oseltamivir; Otitis media; Pneumonia; Respiratory syncytial virus; Vaccine; Virus.

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Bacterial Infections / complications
  • Bacterial Infections / microbiology
  • Bacterial Infections / prevention & control
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cost of Illness
  • Humans
  • Influenza, Human / epidemiology
  • Influenza, Human / prevention & control
  • Influenza, Human / virology*
  • Oseltamivir / therapeutic use
  • Otitis Media / prevention & control
  • Otitis Media / virology
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / prevention & control
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / virology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / complications
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / drug therapy
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections* / virology
  • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology*
  • Virus Diseases* / complications
  • Virus Diseases* / drug therapy
  • Virus Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Virus Diseases* / virology

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Viral Vaccines
  • Oseltamivir