Glossoptosis

Abstract

Glossoptosis causes varying degrees of airway obstruction and feeding difficulties. It can occur as a consequence of micrognathia in Robin Sequence, but can also occur in children with hypotonia. Despite several attempts to classify severity in Robin Sequence patients, taking into account symptoms, presence of concomitant syndromes or malformations, and even endoscopic findings, there is still no general consensus. Furthermore, several management recommendations have been reported without an agreement about indications, efficacy, or risks of each treatment option. The present article provides an overview of clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of patients with glossoptosis.

Keywords: Airway obstruction; Cleft palate; Laryngoscopy; Mandible; Pierre Robin Sequence; Retrognathia.