Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: a review

Biomark Med. 2016 Aug;10(8):889-902. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0097. Epub 2016 Jul 14.

Abstract

Aim: To provide an up-to-date review of oxidative stress biomarkers in multiple sclerosis and thus identify candidate molecules with greatest promise as biomarkers of diagnosis, disease activity or prognosis.

Method: A semi-systematic literature search using PubMed and other databases.

Results: Nitric oxide metabolites, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein carbonyl, 3-nitrotyrosine, isoprostanes, malondialdehyde and products of DNA oxidation have been identified across multiple studies as having promise as diagnostic, therapeutic or prognostic markers in MS.

Conclusion: Heterogeneity of study design, particularly patient selection, limits comparability across studies. Further cohort studies are needed, and we would recommend promising markers be incorporated into future clinical trials to prospectively validate their potential.

Keywords: biomarkers; diagnosis; disability progression; disease activity; multiple sclerosis; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; therapeutic monitoring.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers / analysis*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Biomarkers / cerebrospinal fluid
  • DNA / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Malondialdehyde / blood
  • Malondialdehyde / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Multiple Sclerosis / diagnosis*
  • Multiple Sclerosis / pathology
  • Nitric Oxide / blood
  • Nitric Oxide / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / blood
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Oxidative Stress*
  • Protein Carbonylation
  • Superoxide Dismutase / blood
  • Superoxide Dismutase / cerebrospinal fluid

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Malondialdehyde
  • DNA
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Superoxide Dismutase