Alemtuzumab is a humanised anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody approved for use in active, relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Administration results in a rapid depletion of circulating lymphocytes with a subsequent beneficial immune reconstitution. Early open-label experience and recent clinical trials have demonstrated a dramatic effect on relapse rates as well as a positive effect on radiological disease outcomes and disability measures. Despite a mechanism of action that results in profound lymphopaenia, opportunistic infections are rarely seen and no excess association with malignancy has been identified. However, acquired autoimmune disease (AID) is a common adverse event following treatment, necessitating rigorous monitoring in order to facilitate prompt detection and management. Despite this issue, a unique dosing schedule and durability of effect make alemtuzumab a welcome addition to currently available treatment options for MS.
Keywords: Alemtuzumab; Autoimmunity; Multiple sclerosis.