The Utility of Serum CA9 for Prognostication in Prostate Cancer

Anticancer Res. 2016 Sep;36(9):4489-92. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.10994.

Abstract

Background/aim: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) catalyses the interconversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate and is considered a putative biomarker of tumour hypoxia. We set out to evaluate the prognostic significance of CA9 in prostate cancer.

Patients and methods: Plasma samples were assessed from 68 men with high-risk localised prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT), and 20 men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with docetaxel chemotherapy between 2010 and 2012 at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Canada.

Results: Of the 68 patients with high-risk localised prostate cancer, 57 underwent RP and 11 underwent RT. Baseline CA9 was not associated with recurrence or prostate-specific antigen in either group (p=0.98 and 0.20, respectively). CA9 levels before chemotherapy correlated with overall survival (r=-0.37; two-sided p=0.11).

Conclusion: Baseline CA9 in men with CRPC may portend a more aggressive prostate cancer phenotype with poorer survival.

Keywords: CA9; CAIX; Prostate cancer; biomarker.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Antigens, Neoplasm / blood*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX / blood*
  • Docetaxel
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / blood*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / diagnosis*
  • Phenotype
  • Prognosis
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen / blood
  • Prostatectomy
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / blood*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / mortality
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / blood*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / diagnosis*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / mortality
  • Taxoids / therapeutic use
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Taxoids
  • Docetaxel
  • Prostate-Specific Antigen
  • CA9 protein, human
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX