Fluorescence characterization of VU-9 calmodulin, an engineered calmodulin with one tryptophan in calcium binding domain III

Biochemistry. 1989 Jul 11;28(14):6086-92. doi: 10.1021/bi00440a053.

Abstract

Absorption and fluorescence properties of VU-9 calmodulin, an engineered calmodulin in which a tryptophan residue has been introduced in position 99, have been investigated. Tryptophan 99 fluoresces with a maximum around 348 nm and is easily quenched by fluorescence quenchers such as acrylamide, indicating that the chromophore is in a polar environment and well exposed to the solvent, a location which has been reported previously for tyrosine 99 in mammalian calmodulin [Kilhoffer, M. C., Demaille, J. G., & Gérard, D. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4407-4414]. The quantum yields of tryptophan 99 were found to be 0.19 in the absence of calcium and 0.15 in its presence. These values indicate that the chromophore is in a particular microenvironment where it is protected from the quenching mechanisms normally occurring in proteins. Steady-state fluorescence polarization measurements indicate that the protein exhibits segmental mobility both in the absence and in the presence of calcium. Binding of calcium decreases the mobility of the chromophore, a good indication for a rigidification of the protein structure. A quite rigid structure of at least the carboxy-terminal part of VU-9 calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ is also suggested by Förster energy-transfer measurements.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • Calcium
  • Calmodulin*
  • Energy Transfer
  • Fluorescence Polarization
  • Quantum Theory
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Tryptophan

Substances

  • Calmodulin
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Tryptophan
  • Calcium