Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathophysiology and Management

Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2016 Dec;45(4):639-652. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Oct 13.

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is rapidly becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver transplant. With a prevalence of 30% in the United States, it has reached epidemic proportions. The clinical syndrome of NAFLD spans from bland steatosis to steatohepatitis, which can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The pathogenesis includes the roles of hormones, nutritional and intestinal dysbiosis, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, hepatic inflammation, and genes. Noninvasive testing and liver biopsy indications are reviewed. Approved and investigational therapies for NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are outlined in this article.

Keywords: Hepatic steatosis; Lipid droplet; NASH; NASH therapeutics; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity; Perilipins.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Gastrointestinal Agents / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / diagnosis
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / etiology
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / physiopathology*
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / therapy*
  • Risk Factors
  • Weight Reduction Programs

Substances

  • Gastrointestinal Agents